Heating and cooling of buildings



June 25, 1929. R. G. cRlTTALL ET AL 1.718.533

HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS Filed Sept. 20, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l ng. 2f P v Wag.' 1.

June 25, 1929. R. G. cRlTTALL ET AL 1,718,533

HEATING AD-COOLING OF BUILDINGS Filed sept. 2o, 19243 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented June 25, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD GODF'REY CRITTALI. AND JOSEPH LESLIE MUSGRAVE, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND.

HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS.

Application filed September 20, 1923, Serial No. 663,861, and in Great Britain November 10, 1922.

This invention refers to that system of heating or cooling buildings in which the heat or coldl radiates from the surface of the wall,

floor or ceiling, and has particular reference 5 to the vcircula-tion of a'heating or cooling fluid as applied to partitions or party walls, ioors and ceiling-s.

According to one form of this invention we first form a structure consisting of metal or reinforced concrete uprights of the required length betwecn whichmetal lathing or netting is stretched which may be reinforced by a. number of cross bars. The uprights and cross bars ma bel of H, U, L or any convenient cross section and the lathing or wire netting or expanded metal may be Wrapped round or bolted or wired to the uprights or cross bars.

The pipes through which the fluid circuright, communicating at their extremities with a header or cross tube having-an inlet and outlet. These tubes are secured to the framework and the whole structure is then covered with concrete or cement so as to just leave the surface of the tubes protruding, the

apertures of the expanded metal causing the concrete or cement to key itself to the structure.

This surface is then covered in the usual manner with plaster from which the heat or cold radiates. v.

By this system of construction we are enabled .to overcome the difficulties of expan sion and contraction and prevent cracking or fracture of the surface from which the heat radiates. u

The invention is illustrated on the accompanyiiig drawings.

Fig. 1 is a part sectional broken elevation showing a portion of the wallof a building with our system of heating or cooling, when using rigid or -inflexible pipes, applied thereto.

Fig'. 2 isv an end elevation of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of awall panel constructed according to this system. V

Fig. is a broken View on anfenlarged scale of a portion of the plan view shown by Fig. 3.

The framework shown consists of the metal uprights A, reinforcing cross bars B, and the lathing or netting D, preferably expanded metal, which is stretched across the uprights A in front of the bars B. Stays or rods b" are also secured to the cross bars B'.

lates consist of a number of tubes, preferably' running parallel, either diagonally or up- The pipes or tubes through which the fluid circulates are represented at E, and E represents the header or'cross tube with which the extremities of the tubes E communicate. rlhc tubes E are secured to the framework by wires b2 (omitted in Fig. 2) passing around said tubes and. around vthe cross bars B as clearly shown by Figs. 1 and 4. Expanded metal D may also be stretched across the back of the uprghts A. The whole structure is then covered or embedded in concrete or cement so as to just leave the surface of the tubes E protruding, such concrete or cement entering the apertures of the expanded metal and causing it to key itself to the structure.

The surface of this structure is then covered in the usual way with plaster which may be reinforced by textile fabric or in any other manner, the heat given off from the 1pipes E radiating from the surface of this plaster.

The pipes or tubes of the heating or cooling systcmbeing secured to the framework will result not only in the reinforcement of ,the concrete, but the heat or cold units will also be conducted by the metal framework and distributed throughout the concrete structure, in order that the heat or cold will be radiated from the surface of said structure in an effective manner. The'expanded metal will also assist the framework in distributing the heat or cold throughout 'the area of the structure included by the fluid pipes or f tubes.

What we claim as our lnventlon and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. In a building, a concrete structure having a heating or cooling surface within the building, a heating or cooling system having spaced pipes for the flow of Huid therein to heat or cool the interior of the building and embedded in the concrete close to said surface, said pipes being distributed over an area of saidsurface, and a metal reinforcing frame also embedded in the concrete near said surface and extending throughout said area, the

`pipes being secured to and supported by said frame in metallic vcontact therewith so that the frame is heated or cooled b said pipes and assists in distributing the eat or cold throughout said area. I

2. In a building, a concrete structure having a heating or cooling inner surface within the building, a heating or cooling system having spaced pipes for the flow of fluid therein to heat or cool the interior of the building and embedded in the concrete close to said surface,

said pipes being distributed over an area, of bedded in the concrete and extending across 10 sald surface, a metal relnforelng frame also and secured to said frame throughout sind embedded 1n the concrete close to sald surface arca, to further distribute the heet or cold 'and extending throughout said area, the throughout said arca.

pipes vbelng secured to and supported by sald In testunony whereof we have slgned our frame in metallic Contact therewith so that names to this specification. the frame is heat-ed or cooled by said pipes and assists in distributing the heat or cold RICHARD GODFREY CRITTALL. throughout said area, and met-a1 netting em- JOSEPH LESLIE MUSGRAVE. 

